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Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy

• Editor's Note
• List of Articles

List of Articles

• Syphilis in Pregnancy: Prevention of Congenital Syphilis
  The purpose of this document is offers recommendations for treating infants and adults. It will also high-light the need to view syphilis screening and control programs through the perspectives of multiple stakeholders so as to identify barriers to, and opportunities for improving the formulation and implementation of national policies. Devising an effective political strategy might represent one of the most challenging facets of implementing a sustainable program. Both structured and unstructured approaches are useful, and applying aspects of both may provide rich analysis of why an intervention like antenatal syphilis screening is not being implemented. In USA a record low incidence of congenital syphilis, 20.6 cases per 100,000 live births, was recorded in 1998 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1999a), resulting in creation of the National Plan for Syphilis Elimination.
  
  
• Perinatal Viral Infections
  Many viral infections are associated with significant maternal and fetal consequences if acquired during pregnancy. In the United States, some the most commonly encountered infections with subsequent perinatal effects include cytomegalovirus (CMV), parvovirus B19 (fifth disease), varicella zoster virus (VZV). The purpose of this document is to describe these infections, their mode of transmission, and their maternal and fetal effects. Guidelines for counseling about and management of these infections during pregnancy are also discussed. In general, perinatal infections have more severe fetal consequences when they occur early in gestation, because first-trimester infections may disrupt organogenesis. Second and third trimester infections can cause neurologic impairment or growth restriction.
  
  
• Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection during Pregnancy
  Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the genital tract is one of the most common viral sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Approximately 45 million adolescent and adult Americans have been infected with genital herpes based on positive serology test results for HSV-2 and estimates of genital HSV-1 infection. About 30% of the female population in the United States has antibodies to HSV-2. The purpose of this document is to define the stages of herpetic infection, outline the spectrum of maternal and neonatal infection and provide the management guidelines.
  
  
• Toxoplasmosis: Perinatal Parasitic Infection
  Toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The purpose of this document is to describe the mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis, the maternal and fetal effects, and to offer guidelines for counseling and management during pregnancy. Parasitic infections are associated with significant maternal and fetal consequences if acquired during pregnancy. Congenital toxoplasmosis and prevention are also discussed in this review. Pregnant women who acquire toxoplasmosis should be treated. Treatment of the pregnant women with acute toxoplasmosis reduces but does not eliminate the risk of congenital infection.
  
  

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