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Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy

• Editor's Note
• List of Articles

List of Articles

• Perinatal Viral Infections
  Many viral infections are associated with significant maternal and fetal consequences if acquired during pregnancy. In the United States, some the most commonly encountered infections with subsequent perinatal effects include cytomegalovirus (CMV), parvovirus B19 (fifth disease), varicella zoster virus (VZV). The purpose of this document is to describe these infections, their mode of transmission, and their maternal and fetal effects. Guidelines for counseling about and management of these infections during pregnancy are also discussed. In general, perinatal infections have more severe fetal consequences when they occur early in gestation, because first-trimester infections may disrupt organogenesis. Second and third trimester infections can cause neurologic impairment or growth restriction.
  
  
• Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection during Pregnancy
  Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the genital tract is one of the most common viral sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Approximately 45 million adolescent and adult Americans have been infected with genital herpes based on positive serology test results for HSV-2 and estimates of genital HSV-1 infection. About 30% of the female population in the United States has antibodies to HSV-2. The purpose of this document is to define the stages of herpetic infection, outline the spectrum of maternal and neonatal infection and provide the management guidelines.
  
  
• Toxoplasmosis: Perinatal Parasitic Infection
  Toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The purpose of this document is to describe the mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis, the maternal and fetal effects, and to offer guidelines for counseling and management during pregnancy. Parasitic infections are associated with significant maternal and fetal consequences if acquired during pregnancy. Congenital toxoplasmosis and prevention are also discussed in this review. Pregnant women who acquire toxoplasmosis should be treated. Treatment of the pregnant women with acute toxoplasmosis reduces but does not eliminate the risk of congenital infection.
  
  
• Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy
  Viral hepatitis complicates 0.2% of all pregnancies. It is one of the most serious infections that can occur in pregnant women. Six different forms of viral hepatitis have now been defined. The most common viral agents causing hepatitis in pregnancy are hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C (non-A, non-B hepatitis virus), and Epstein-Barr virus. Delta agent hepatitis has also received increasing attention as a cause of hepatitis. This chapter addresses various types of hepatitis, their implications during pregnancy, the risk of perinatal transmission and treatment. The immunization recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are also discussed with special focus on health care workers.
  
  

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